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Participation of nitric oxide in the nucleus isthmi in CO2-drive to breathing in toads BJMBR
Gargaglioni,L.H.; Branco,L.G.S..
The nucleus isthmi (NI) is a mesencephalic structure of the amphibian brain. It has been reported that NI plays an important role in integration of CO2 chemoreceptor information and glutamate is probably involved in this function. However, very little is known about the mechanisms involved. Recently, it has been shown that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is expressed in the brain of the frog. Thus the gas nitric oxide (NO) may be involved in different functions in the brain of amphibians and may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. We tested the hypothesis that NO plays a role in CO2-drive to breathing, specifically in the NI comparing pulmonary ventilation, breathing frequency and tidal volume, after microinjecting 100 nmol/0.5 µl of L-NAME (a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Nitric oxide; Amphibian; Hypercapnia; Ventilation; Nucleus isthmi; Toad; CO2; L-NAME.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999001100010
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The presence of pharmacological substances myoglobin and histamine in venoms J. Venom. Anim. Toxins
LIPPS,B. V.; KHAN,A. A..
It is well documented that several pharmacological substances are released within the victim's body after snakebite. These substances are also believed to be endogenously present in animals, specifically levels of myoglobin and histamine that are reported to rise after envenomation. However, there is no published data regarding the presence of these substances in venoms per se. This research reports the detection of myoglobin and histamine in snake, scorpion, honeybee, and toad venoms by immunological test. It is unlikely that the rise in levels of myoglobin and histamine is due to that added from the bite, since a single toxin devoid of such components is capable of elevating levels of these substances. Nonetheless, it is likely that the rise in levels of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Myoglobin; Histamine; Snake; Honeybee; Scorpion; Toad; Venom; Crotalus atrox; Crotalus polystictus; Naja kaouthia; Oxyuranus s. scutellatus; Actinopyga agassizi; Bufo arenarum; Androcetonus australis; Apis mellifera.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-79302001000100004
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Toad envenoming in dogs: effects and treatment J. Venom. Anim. Toxins
SAKATE,M.; OLIVEIRA,P. C. LUCAS DE.
Toads (order: Anura; family: Bufonidae; genus: Bufo) are distributed throughout the world, but more species are found in areas of tropical and humid temperate climates. Although toads do not have a venom inoculation system, they are venomous animals because the glands covering the whole surface of their bodies secrete a milk-like venom of which composition is not yet completely known. Some of these glands are the bilateral glands located in post-orbital position. These glands, which are somewhat diamond-shaped and can be seen by the naked eye, are known as parotids. Toad envenoming in dogs may cause local and systemic alterations and may cause death by cardiac ventricular fibrillation. The electrocardiographic alterations observed consist of gradual...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Toad; Bufo; Venom; Dogs; Envenoming.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-79302000000100003
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Ultrastructural characteristics of the lung of Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri (Weyenberg, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae) Biocell
Hermida,Gladys N.; Farías,Alejandro; Fiorito,Luisa E..
The lung of the toad, Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In M.s.stelzneri the parenchyma forms a polygonal network arrangement, therefore the parenchyma is edicular. These spaces are delimited by the interconnection of third order septa which are covered by respiratory epithelium. Small patches of ciliated epithelium without goblet cells appear irregularly distributed on the septa. The respiratory epithelium consists of one type of pneumocyte, which shows characteristics of both type I and type II alveolar cells of higher vertebrates. The pneumocytes are irregular in shape and possess attenuated cytoplasmic processes, which spread around the capillaries to form the outer layer of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lung ultrastructure; Respiratory epithelium; Electronic microscopic; Toad; Amphibian.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-95452002000300005
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Use of lidocaine, propranolol, amiodarone, and verapamil in toad envenoming (genus bufo) in dogs J. Venom. Anim. Toxins
SAKATE,M.; OLIVEIRA,P. C. LUCAS DE.
Toad envenoming in dogs can cause death by cardiac fibrilation (CVF). Traditional therapy consists mainly of atropine and propranolol, the last one used to prevent the CVF, that is preceded by negative ventricular deflections (NVDs) in the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram. This study intended to verify, comparatively, the lidocaine, propranolol, amiodarone, and verapamil abilities to prevent CVF in experimentally envenomed dogs. Thirty-six dogs were divided into 6 groups (GL, GP, GA, GV, GST, and GSV) with n=6; the dogs were submitted to volatile anaesthesia. The animals of the groups GL, GP, GA, and GV received 0.38g of toad venom through oro-gastric catheter and were treated with the following drugs respectively: lidocaine (4mg/Kg), propranolol...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Toad; Bufo; Envenoming; Intoxication; Lidocaine; Propranolol; Amiodarone; Verapamil; Dogs; Atropine; Cardiac fibrilation; Antiarrythmic drugs.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-79302001000200008
Registros recuperados: 5
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